Dados do Trabalho

Título

Ocular, oral and gut microbiomes characterization of patients with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome compared to Sjogren Syndrome and healthy patients

Introdução

The Microbiome is defined as the collection of microorganisms in a particular environment. The human body lives in a symbiotic relationship with a variety of different microbes. Dysbiotic microbiome appears to be intimately connected to some diseases. The gut-eye axis is especially relevant to the field of ophthalmology.
This study aims to characterize by the Next Generation Sequencing method (NGS) the microbiome of ocular surface, oral, and gut in patients with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and compared to microbiome of individuals with Sjogren’s Syndrome (SS) and healthy patients.

Métodos

Sterile swabs were utilized to collect specimens from the inferior conjunctiva of the right eye, oral mucosa, and fecal samples from a total of 10 SJS patients, 10 patients diagnosed with primary SS and 10 healthy controls. The DNA extraction was performed using ZymoBIOMICS DNA Kit. Microbiome profile (Bacteria and Fungi) was characterized by Next Generation Sequence of 16S V3-V4 and ITS region using Qiagen library kit. Sequencing was performed in MiSeq Illumina platform and data analyzed using Silva database. The severity of ocular surface disease and dry eye indices were graded.

Resultados

The mean age of individuals with SJS was 37.44 years, 56.33 years for SS and 39.33 years for the control group. A total of 66.6% of the SJS group and control group were female and 100% of the SS group. Regarding the gut microbiomes already processed 100% of patients from both disease groups had gut dysbiosis. All SJS and SS patients had a lower-than-normal Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio with irregular phylum distribution. All SS patients and 77% of SJS patients had absence of the anti-inflammatory bacterium Akkermansia with the presence of pathobiont bacteria, and None SJS or SS patient had pathogenic bacteria. Regarding oral microbiomes already processed, all patients from both groups had irregular phylum distribution. A total of 2 SJS patients had pathogenic bacteria and one SJS patient had a pathobiont bacterium. In the evaluation of fungi microbiome, 66% of SS patients had Candida albicans in their flora. Regarding ocular microbiome, at this moment, the samples were already sequenced and the data is in bioinformatics analyses.

Conclusões

The finds of this study will provide information that will be important to guide treatment with prebiotics and probiotics in patients with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Sjogren Syndrome and restore the gut ecosystem and bring back a healthy ocular surface.

Palavras Chave

gut microbiome, ocular microbiome, oral microbiome, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Sjogren Syndrome

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